Micro Biology

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Excitable tissue – 03

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   Excitable tissue – 03 01.   Physiological (functional) lability of the tissue. Methods for its determination. Characteristics of excitability and lability of nervous and muscular tissues. Rhythm repetition (A. A. Ukhtomski).   Lability (functional mobility) is the  ability of the excitable tissue to generate a certain number of impulses (rate)  of excitation per unit of time (Vvedensky N. E.). Its value is 500-1000 imp/sec for the nervous tissue, 200-250 imp/sec for the muscular tissue, 100-125 imp/sec for the chemical synapse. Nervous tissue has greater lability than muscle tissue . Its value depends on the functional state of the tissue. It can change in the course of a prolonged action of the stimulus, that is, the tissue can increase its lability in the process of vital activity. Rhythm assimilation is the ability of excitable tissue to change the generated number of impulses of excitations during prolonged stimulation (A. A. Ukhtomsky).   02. P...
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Pons and Cerebellum

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  The pons -middle part of the brain stem. -connecting the midbrain with the medulla. -pons means “bridge”. It connects the spinal cord with the brain and links parts of the brain with one another by the tracts' - relays nerve impulses related to voluntary skeletal movements from the cerebral cortex to the cerebellum. - It contains the nuclei of V-VII cranial nerves. - has the  pneumotaxic  and  apneustic  centers which help to control respiration. External structure - two surfaces, ventral and dorsal - ventral or anterior surface is convex in both direction and is transversely striated. - median plane it shows a vertical basilar groove,  sulcus basilaris  which lodges the basilar artery. - Laterally the surface is continuous with  the middle cerebellar peduncles , pedunculi cerebellares medii. - formed by the axons of  pontine nuclei - connect the right and left sides of the pons with the cerebellum. - rootlets of the trigeminal nerve (V pai...
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Excitable tissue – 02

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Excitable tissue – 02 Muscles compose up to 40% of total body mass 40%. In general, it provides a variety of motor functions. 1.       There are skeletal (voluntary movements, that are controlled by conscious effort), 2.       cardiac and 3.       smooth muscle tissues (the latter are involuntary since they are innervated by ANS). Muscle tissue functions : -           skeletal muscles (movement of the body in three dimensions, movement of parts of the body relative to each other, maintaining the posture, movement of blood and lymph, temperature regulation, pulmonary ventilation, water and salt depots, protective function; -           smooth muscles (evacuatory function, sphincter function, regulation of blood vessel tone, ligamentous apparatus); -           cardiac m...
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