Micro Biology

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Pons and Cerebellum

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  The pons -middle part of the brain stem. -connecting the midbrain with the medulla. -pons means “bridge”. It connects the spinal cord with the brain and links parts of the brain with one another by the tracts' - relays nerve impulses related to voluntary skeletal movements from the cerebral cortex to the cerebellum. - It contains the nuclei of V-VII cranial nerves. - has the  pneumotaxic  and  apneustic  centers which help to control respiration. External structure - two surfaces, ventral and dorsal - ventral or anterior surface is convex in both direction and is transversely striated. - median plane it shows a vertical basilar groove,  sulcus basilaris  which lodges the basilar artery. - Laterally the surface is continuous with  the middle cerebellar peduncles , pedunculi cerebellares medii. - formed by the axons of  pontine nuclei - connect the right and left sides of the pons with the cerebellum. - rootlets of the trigeminal nerve (V pai...
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The basal nuclei

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  The basal nuclei subcortical, intracerebral masses of gray matter forming  important parts of the extrapyramidal system. They include: 1) the corpus striatum; 2) the claustrum and;                                                                                              3) the amygdaloid body 1. The corpus striatum , or "striped body" consists of the  caudate nucleus, núcleus caudátus  and the  lenticular nucleus, núcleus lentifórmis Because the internal capsule runs between the caudate and lenticular nucl...
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The telencephalon

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   The telencephalon The telencephalon or endbrain It controls human mental and intellectual activity. The telencephalon includes the cerebral hemispheres their commissures and cavities Each cerebral hemisphere has an  external  layer of neurons, the  cortex  or  pallium , an internal mass of neuronal processes, deeply situated  basal nuclei  (núclei basáles) and rhinencéphalon.   The  lateral ventricles  (ventriculi lateráles) are the  cavity  of the telencephalon. Two hemispheres are connected by  córpus callósum  that consists of  transverse white fibers . Anterior part of the corpus callosum flexes inferiorly and forms the genu,  génu córporis callósi . Under the corpus callosum is  fórnix , which consists of two bundles of white fibers.       - Anteriorly these fibers diverge and form  colúmnae fórnicis , - posteriorly –  crúrae fórnicis. - Between colú mnae fórni...
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